The Data Structures course provides a comprehensive understanding of techniques used to organize, manage, and process data efficiently. It covers fundamental data structures such as arrays, linked lists, stacks, queues, trees, heaps, hash tables, and graphs, along with algorithm design and analysis. The course also introduces various searching and sorting algorithms and explains their use in building efficient software systems.

A key part of the course focuses on internal and external sorting techniques. Internal sorting methods (like Bubble Sort, Insertion Sort, Quick Sort, Merge Sort, and Heap Sort) operate entirely in main memory and are suitable for small and medium-sized datasets. External sorting techniques (such as External Merge Sort and Multi-way Merge Sort) are used when data is too large to fit in memory and require the use of external storage devices. These concepts enable students to choose the right sorting method depending on system constraints and data size.

By the end of the course, students gain strong analytical skills, learn performance evaluation of algorithms, and understand how to select appropriate data structures and sorting techniques for real-world computational problems.